“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.” -J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of SecretsIt has been named "The Problem of Evil." This is one of the atheist's most common daggers aimed at the heart of Christianity. If God is truly good and moral, they claim, then He would not have created a universe in which the possibility for evil exists. This seems like a reasonable claim—certainly, God has the ability to create a universe where there is no possibility of evil, so why didn't He?
Despite its apparent substance, however, this is actually one of the less complex atheist challenges, but for some reason it has persisted, likely due to the popularity of arguments made by people like Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens loved to use this argument against Christianity because of its capacity for emotional appeal and because there is really no counter-argument which can similarly seem to disprove atheism. In spite of its popularity, it is easily dealt away with by one of the basic concepts of Christianity: Free Will.
It is the Christian's position that the very existence of free will must necessarily allow for the possibility of evil. And this is actually quite an excellent explanation. But the atheist's next question should be, "Why is free will a necessity?" This is a question which Christians often gloss over, not out of neglect to the subject, but primarily because they are too busy explaining the idea of free will and answering the original question of the Problem of Evil.
Love & Other Options
The idea of Love and its implications is often thrown out as a reason for Free Will, but it is hardly ever fleshed out in terms that seem adequate. The purpose of this post is to explore whether or not Free Will is actually necessary in order for Love to exist. Christians claim that without the possibility of disobedience, Love is not possible. But is this true?
For argument's sake, let's assume it is not. Let's imagine a world in which humans simply acted out of an irresistible compulsion toward a certain action. Maybe they have even been imbued with some sense of "wanting" to take that particular course of action. But overall, they have no real control over what they are doing. Essentially, these people are "robots," for lack of a better term. They follow their programming to the letter, without really having a choice in the matter.
Can these people really love? What even is Love, to begin with? First of all, love is a preference. This does not just signify that someone happens to like something a little more than something else. It means that they choose to act in the interest of one thing at the cost of everything else. In this sense, these "robot" people can never really love. Love requires acting of one's own volition in the the interest of something, even if that thing is the self. Without Free Will there is no choice, without the choice there is no Love. And God is a God who would only invoke a universe where He could love and be loved by His creation, because "God is love." (1 John 4:8)
Alternative Appeal
There is a corollary to this argument which is hardly ever put forth, but which I believe has a huge impact on the Christian defense against the atheist claim of the Problem of Evil. This is the fact that in order for Love to exist, the other options available to the creatures must be somewhat similar to each other. If there are two choices, but one is made a thousand times more attractive than the other, the result is much the same as the robots in the previous section. A man who elects to spend time with a co-worker instead of being locked in a cage with a wild boar hardly shows any affection for the co-worker simply because of his decision. It is only when the relative appeals of both choices are on the same "order of magnitude" (to use a math term in the absence of better terminology) that the love of one person or thing for another can be fully revealed.
This fact is why I consider the idea that God created the universe at all to be a risky endeavor. But Love is willing to take risks, so here we are. Still, the fact remains that in the end, there was always a chance, and not an insubstantial chance, that somewhere along the line someone would make a choice that contradicted God's Will for them. And you probably know that it only took until the third chapter of Genesis for Adam and Eve to drop the ball.
Can you blame them? I mean, "the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom." (Genesis 3:6) There was definitely an up-side to sinning. But the fact of the matter is, God had told them explicitly not to eat the food. Therefore, a decision had to be made, and the humans had a chance to show unequivocally that they loved God. As we know, they chose to act on other impulses and misinformation, and death entered the world. The wages of sin is always death. (Romans 6:23)
The Fix
It is precisely because of our capacity to love, borne out by God's decision to grant us Free Will, that we have such a pronounced capacity for evil. As I hope to show in a future post, Evil is corrupted Good, nothing more. The pain and suffering which occur in this universe are either artifacts or direct results of humanity's sin. God does not bring suffering on people unwarranted; Satan and those who follow him are to blame for that.
It is no wonder that God should wish to rid the world of evil. In order to help His creation escape the death due them, He devised a plan whereby they would be resurrected into a new creation which lacks the corruption of this present life. However, the ability to achieve this new creation is only available to those who choose to love God in this life. As fallen humans, we lack the wisdom to always act out of this Love to God, but thanks to Him and the Spirit He is willing to give us, we are able to cultivate this wisdom even in our present lives. "For if you live according to the flesh, you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body, you will live." (Romans 8:13)
God has given us Free Will. He has also shown us His Will. And life has provided us with many alternatives to it, each seeming to be almost as appealing, depending on our circumstances and information. It is because of this that there is such a strong potential for evil to happen in this world. However, it is also precisely because of these facts that we are able to love Him and each other. Without the choice, there can be no Love. Thankfully, He chose to love us, too.
I leave you today with perhaps my favorite passage in the entire Bible. John does an excellent job of expressing just what the implications of God's Love are.
"See what great love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are! The reason the world does not know us is that it did not know him. Dear friends, now we are children of God, and what we will be has not yet been made known. But we know that when Christ appears, we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is. All who have this hope in him purify themselves, just as he is pure.
"Everyone who sins breaks the law; in fact, sin is lawlessness. But you know that he appeared so that he might take away our sins. And in him is no sin. No one who lives in him keeps on sinning. No one who continues to sin has either seen him or known him." -1 John 3:1-6